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Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 91-95 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0009-7

摘要： Numerical simulation and experimental study on NO release along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion have been conducted. With the increase of temperature the NO emission increased and the peak value of NO release moved forward. But when the temperature increased to a certain degree, NO emission began to reduce. NO emission increased with the increase of nitrogen content of coal. The peak value of NO release moved backwards with the increase of coal rank. NO emission increased obviously with the increase of stoichiometric ratio. There existed a critical average diameter of the pulverized coal (). If "d, NO emission reduced with the decrease of pulverized coal size. If >, NO emission reduced with the increase of the pulverized coal size. The results showed that the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results for concentration distribution of NO along the axis of the furnace.
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Influence of mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverizedcoal boiler

Rong YAN, Zhichao CHEN, Shuo GUAN, Zhengqi LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 68-77 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0697-9

摘要： In a gas/particle two-phase test facility, a three-component particle-dynamics anemometer was used to measure the characteristics of gas/particle two-phase flows in a 29 megawatt (MW) pulverized coal industrial boiler equipped with a new type of swirling pulverized coal burner. The distributions of three-dimensional gas/particle velocity, particle volume flux, and particle size distribution were measured under different working conditions. The mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux in the central region of the burner outlet were found to be negative. This indicated that a central recirculation zone was formed in the center of the burner. In the central recirculation zone, the absolute value of the mean axial velocity and the particle volume flux increased when the external secondary air volume increased. The size of the central reflux zone remained stable when the air volume ratio changed. Along the direction of the jet, the peak value formed by the tertiary air gradually moved toward the center of the burner. This tertiary air was mixed with the peak value formed by the air in the adiabatic combustion chamber after the cross-section of / = 0.7. Large particles were concentrated near the wall area, and the particle size in the recirculation zone was small.

关键词： industrial pulverized coal boiler     swirl burner     air/particle flow     particle dynamic analyzer (PDA)    

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PM10 emissions from industrial coal-fired chain-grate boilers

Xinghua Li, Junzan Han, Lei Duan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0966-y

摘要： Industrial coal-fired boiler is an important air pollutant emission source in China. The chain-grate boiler is the most extensively used type of industrial coal-fired boiler. An electrical low-pressure impactor, and a Dekati Low Pressure Impactor were applied to determine mass and number size distributions of PM at the inlet and the outlet of the particulate emission control devices at six coal-fired chain-grate boilers. The mass size distribution of PM generated from coal-fired chain-grate boilers generally displays a bimodal distribution that contains a submicron mode and a coarse mode. The PM in the submicron mode for burning with raw coal contributes to 33%±10 % of PM emissions, much higher than those for pulverized boilers. And the PM in the submicron mode for burning with briquette contributes up to 86 % of PM emissions. Multiclones and scrubbers are not efficient for controlling PM emission. Their average collection efficiencies for sub-micron particle and super-micron particle are 34% and 78%, respectively. Operating conditions of industrial steam boilers have influence on PM generation. Peak of the submicron mode during normal operation period is larger than the start-up period.

关键词： coal-fired chain-grate boiler     PM10     size distribution     particulate emission control devices     size-dependent collection efficiency    

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Optimization of Venturi tube design for pipeline pulverized coal flow measurements

WU Zhansong, XIE Fei

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 369-373 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0072-8

摘要： A Venturi flow meter was designed to accurately measure the mass flow rate of pulverized coal in power plant pipelines. Numerical simulations of the dilute turbulent gas-solid two-phase flow in a horizontal Venturi tube were used to study the effects of Venturi tube geometry on the pressure distribution in the mixture. The results show that Venturi tube geometry strongly influences the metering of the dilute gas-particle two-phase flow. The geometry can be optimized to improve the precision of the measurement and ensure stable measurements. Furthermore, the geometries of three types of Venturi tubes were optimized for an experimental study of pulverized coal mass flow rate measurements.

关键词： gas-solid two-phase     geometry     gas-particle two-phase     Numerical     flow    

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Effects of pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio on coal combustion and pollution emission in a 0.35 MW pulverizedcoal-fired furnace

Yonghong YAN, Liutao SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Hongliang QI, Li LIU, Rui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 78-90 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0678-z

摘要： The effects of blend ratio on combustion and pollution emission characteristics for co-combustion of Shenmu pyrolyzed semi-char (SC), i.e., residuals of the coal pyrolysis chemical processing, and Shenhua bituminous coal (SB) were investigated in a 0.35 MW pilot-scale pulverized coal-fired furnace. The gas temperature and concentrations of gaseous species (O , CO, CO , NO and HCN) were measured in the primary combustion zone at different blend ratios. It is found that the standoff distance of ignition changes monotonically from 132 to 384 mm with the increase in pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio. The effects on the combustion characteristics may be neglected when the blend ratio is less than 30%. Above the 30% blend ratio, the increase in blend ratio postpones ignition in the primary stage and lowers the burnout rate. With the blend ratio increasing, NO emission at the furnace exit is smallest for the 30% blend ratio and highest for the 100% SC. The NO concentration was 425 mg/m at 6% O and char burnout was 76.23% for the 45% blend ratio. The above results indicate that the change of standoff distance and NO emission were not obvious when the blend ratio of semi-char is less than 45%, and carbon burnout changed a little at all blend ratios. The goal of this study is to achieve blending combustion with a large proportion of semi-char without great changes in combustion characteristics. So, an SC blend ratio of no more than 45% can be suitable for the burning of semi-char.

关键词： pulverized-coal combustion     pyrolyzed semi-char     ignition characteristics     pollution emission     char burnout     blend ratio    

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Experimental studies of ash film fractions based on measurement of cenospheres geometry in pulverizedcoal combustion

Siqi LIU, Yanqing NIU, Liping WEN, Yang LIANG, Bokang YAN, Denghui WANG, Shi’en HUI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 91-98 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0806-9

摘要： In pulverized coal particle combustion, part of the ash forms the ash film and exerts an inhibitory influence on combustion by impeding the diffusion of oxygen to the encapsulated char core, while part of the ash diffuses toward the char core. Despite the considerable ash effects on combustion, the fraction of ash film still remains unclear. However, the research of the properties of cenospheres can be an appropriate choice for the fraction determination, being aware that the formation of cenospheres is based on the model of coal particles with the visco-plastic ash film and a solid core. The fraction of ash film is the ratio of the measuring mass of ash film and the total ash in coal particle. In this paper, the Huangling bituminous coal with different sizes was burnt in a drop-tube furnace at 1273, 1473, and 1673 K with air as oxidizer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cross-section analysis have been used to study the geometry of the collected cenospheres and the effects of combustion parameters on the fraction of ash film. The results show that the ash film fraction increases with increasing temperature and carbon conversion ratio but decreases with larger sizes of coal particles. The high fraction of ash film provides a reasonable explanation for the extinction event at the late burnout stage. The varied values of ash film fractions under different conditions during the dynamic combustion process are necessary for further development of kinetic models.

关键词： ash film fraction     cenospheres     coal combustion     fly ash    

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NO control in large-scale power plant boilers through superfine pulverized coal technology

YIN Jie, WEI Dunsong, YIN Jie, REN Jianxing

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 461-465 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0057-7

摘要： Superfine pulverized coal technology can effectively reduce NO emission in coal-fired power plant boilers. It can also economize the cost of the power plant and improve the use of the ash in the flue gas. Superfine pulverized coal technology, which will be widely used in China, includes common superfine pulverized coal technology and superfine pulverized coal reburning technology. The use of superfine pulverized coal instead of common coal in large-scale power plants will not only reduce more than 30% of NO emission but also improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler.
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Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

Junping GU, Yuxin WU, Liping WU, Man ZHANG, Hairui YANG, Junfu LYU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 715-725 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0690-3

摘要： In this paper, the design and operation of a novel coal-fired circulating fluidized bed (CFB) drum boiler that can generate superheated steam using saline water were introduced. The natural circulation water dynamics with a drum was adopted instead of the traditional once-through steam generator (OTSG) design, so that superheated steam can be generated for the better performance of the steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) technology in heavy oil recovery. The optimized staged evaporation method was proposed to further decrease the salinity of water in the clean water section of the boiler. The evaporating pipes of the salted water section were rearranged in the back pass of the boiler, where the heat load is low, to further improve the heat transfer safety. A CFB combustion technology was used for coal firing to achieve a uniform heat transfer condition with low heat flux. Pollutant control technologies were adopted to reduce pollutant emissions. Based on the field test, the recommended water standard for the coal-fired CFB drum boilers was determined. With the present technology, the treated recovery wastewater can be reused in steam-injection boilers to generate superheated steam. The engineering applications show that the boiler efficiency is higher than 90%, the blowdown rate is limited within 5.5%, and the superheat of steam can reach up to 30 K. Besides, the heavy oil recovery efficiency is significantly improved. Moreover, the pollutant emissions of SO , NO and dust are controlled within the ranges of 20–90 mg/(N·m ), 30–90 mg/(N·m ) and 2–10 mg/(N·m ) respectively.

关键词： drum steam injection boiler     natural circulation     recovery wastewater     staged evaporation     circulating fluidized bed (CFB)    

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Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 255-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0255-9

摘要： With the objective of producing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner, identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler, numerical simulations were performed using Fluent 6.3.26 to study the progress of ignition for four coal concentration settings covering sub-operation conditions prevailing during the experiments performed with the burner. The numerical simulations conformed to the experimental results, demonstrating the suitability of the model used in the calculations. Simulations for a coal concentration of 0.40 kg/kg corresponding to a single burner operating at its rated output were also conducted, which indicated that gas temperatures along the burner centerline were high. As gas flowed to the burner nozzle, the high-temperature region expanded, ensuring a successful pulverized-coal ignition. With increasing coal concentration (0.08–0.40 kg/kg), the gas temperature along the burner centerline and at the first and second combustion chamber exits decreased at the equivalent radial points. At the center of the second combustion chamber exit, the O concentrations were almost depleted for the five coal concentrations, while the CO concentrations peaked.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

Y. HUANG, S. REZVANI, D. McILVEEN-WRIGHT, N. HEWITT, J. MONDOL, A. MINCHENER,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 196-206 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0237-y

摘要： The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems are an effective and economic CO capture technology pathway. In addition, the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more “CO capture ready” than other technologies. Pulverized coal boilers (PC) have, however, proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies. To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO capture, a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper. The technical design, the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package. Built upon these technologies, the COcapture facilities are incorporated within the system. The most appropriate CO capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column (MEA). The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations: Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation. Both options generate CO-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams. Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles, the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages. The total cost assessment is implemented according to the step-count exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters. Subsequently, based on a set of assumptions, the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO avoidance cost.

关键词： breakeven electricity     ECLIPSE     technical performance     appropriate     economic    

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NOx and H2S formation in the reductive zone of air-staged combustion of pulverized

Jinzhi CAI, Dan LI, Denggao CHEN, Zhenshan LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 4-13 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0804-y

摘要： Low NO combustion of blended coals is widely used in coal-fired boilers in China to control NO emission; thus, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of NO and H S during the combustion of blended coals. This paper focused on the investigation of reductive gases in the formation of NO and H S in the reductive zone of blended coals during combustion. Experiments with Zhundong (ZD) and Commercial (GE) coal and their blends with different mixing ratios were conducted in a drop tube furnace at 1200°C–1400°C with an excessive air ratio of 0.6–1.2. The coal conversion and formation characteristics of CO, H S, and NO in the fuel-rich zone were carefully studied under different experimental conditions for different blend ratios. Blending ZD into GE was found to increase not only the coal conversion but also the concentrations of CO and H S as NO reduction accelerated. Both the CO and H S concentrations inblended coal combustion increase with an increase in the combustion temperature and a decrease in the excessive air ratio. Based on accumulated experimental data, one interesting finding was that NO and H S from blended coal combustion were almost directly dependent on the CO concentration, and the CO concentration of the blended coal combustion depended on the single char gasification conversion.Thus, CO, NO , and H S formation characteristics from blended coal combustion can be well predicted by single char gasification kinetics.

关键词： blended coal combustion     NOx formation     H2S formation     air staged combustion    

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Influence of different oil feed rate on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Xiang ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 406-412 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0266-6

摘要： To reduce oil consumption during firing-up and partial-load operation, a tiny-oil ignition burner has been recommended. Through reacting-flow experiments performed on a full-scale experimental setup, the influence of different oil flow rates on bituminous coal combustion as well as flow rates without coal feed was analyzed. The ignition burner is identical to that normally used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. Under operating conditions with flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, gas temperature distributions were measured in the burner. At the equivalent measuring points at the exits of the first and second combustion chambers, these distributions remained almost unchanged under a constant coal feed rate of 4 t/h. However on the burner centerline, distributions increased slightly with increasing flow rate. Different gas concentrations were measured at the center of the burner exit. For instance, the O concentration at the burner exit varied from 0.01% to 0.31% whereas CO concentrations were more than 10000 ppm. At the same coal feed rate of 4 t/h, burner resistances are 480, 600, and 740 Pa for oil flow rates of 50, 100, and 150 kg/h, respectively.

关键词： ignition     coal     burner     boiler     oil flow rate    

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Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 296-303 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0191-0

摘要： The progression of ignition was numerically simulated with the aim of realizing a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner that is identical to the burner used in an 800 MWe utility boiler. The numerical simulations were conducted for four excess air ratios, 0.56, 0.75, 0.98 and 1.14 (corresponding to primary air velocities of 17, 23, 30 and 35 m/s, respectively), which were chosen because they had been used previously in practical experiments. The numerical simulations agreed well with the experimental results, which demonstrate the suitability of the model used in the calculations. The gas temperatures were high along the center line of the burner for the four excess air ratios. The flame spread to the burner wall and the high-temperature region was enlarged in the radial direction along the primary air flow direction. The O concentrations for the four excess air ratios were 0.5%, 1.1%, 0.9% and 3.0% at the exit of the second combustion chamber. The CO peak concentration was very high with values of 7.9%, 9.9%, 11.3% and 10.6% for the four excess air ratios at the exit of the second combustion chamber.

关键词： numerical simulation     tiny-oil ignition burner     pulverized coal     temperature field    

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Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steamtemperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

Xiaoguang LI, Lingyan ZENG, Hongye LIU, Yao LI, Yifu LI, Yunlong ZHAO, Bo JIAO, Minhang SONG, Shaofeng ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN, Zhengqi LI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 132-142 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0803-z

摘要： Industrial-scale experiments were conducted to study the effects of tertiary air declination angle (TDA) on the coal combustion and steam temperature characteristics in the first 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler in China with the multiple-injection and multiple-staging combustion (MIMSC) technology at medium and high loads. The experimental results indicated that as the TDA increased from 0° to 15°, the overall gas temperature in the lower furnace rose and the symmetry of temperature field was enhanced. The ignition distance of the fuel-rich coal/air flow decreased. In near-burner region, the concentration of O decreased while the concentrations of CO and NO increased. The concentration of NO decreased in near-tertiary-air region. The carbon in fly ash decreased significantly from 8.40% to 6.45% at a load of 260 MW. At a TDA of 15°, the ignition distances were the shortest (2.07 m and 1.73 m) at a load of 210 MW and 260 MW, respectively. The main and reheat steam temperatures were the highest (557.2°C and 559.4°C at a load of 210 MW, 558.4°C and 560.3°C at a load of 260 MW). The carbon in fly ash was the lowest (4.83%) at a load of 210 MW. On changing the TDA from 15° to 25°, the flame kernel was found to move downward and the main and reheat steam temperatures dropped obviously. The change of TDA has little effect on NO emissions(660–681 mg/m at 6% O ). In comprehensive consideration of the pulverized coal combustion characteristics and the unit economic performance, an optimal TDA of 15° is recommended.

关键词： supercritical down-fired boiler     industrial-scale experiment     tertiary air declination angle     coal combustion     steam temperature    

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Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 699-714 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0666-3

摘要： Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers has realized the clean and efficient utilization of inferior coal like gangue and coal slime, high sulfur coal, anthracite, petroleum coke, oil shale and other resources. As a country with the largest amount of CFB boilers and the largest installed capacity in the world, China has 440 100–600 MW CFB boilers with a total capacity of 82.29 GW , including 227 units of 135 MW , 95 units of 300 MW , and 24 supercritical units. The statistics of typical 100–300 MW CFB boilers showed that the average number of unplanned shut-down was only 0.37 times per year, among which the 135 MW was 0.26 times per year and 300 MW was 0.46 times per year. The auxiliary power ratio of some 300 MW CFB boilers based on flow-pattern reconstruction can be reduced to about 4%, which is closed to the same level of pulverized coal (PC) boilers. This paper summarizes the development process and application status of China’s large-scale CFB boilers, analyzes the characteristics and technical performance of the iconic units, and introduces solutions to the problems such as water wall wear and bottom ash cooling.

关键词： CFB boiler     installed capacity     reliability     economics     ultra-low emission     China    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Study on the NOx release rule along the boiler during pulverized coal combustion

JIN Jing, ZHANG Zhongxiao, LI Ruiyang

期刊论文

Influence of mass air flow ratio on gas-particle flow characteristics of a swirl burner in a 29 MW pulverizedcoal boiler

Rong YAN, Zhichao CHEN, Shuo GUAN, Zhengqi LI

期刊论文

PM10 emissions from industrial coal-fired chain-grate boilers

Xinghua Li, Junzan Han, Lei Duan

期刊论文

Optimization of Venturi tube design for pipeline pulverized coal flow measurements

WU Zhansong, XIE Fei

期刊论文

Effects of pyrolyzed semi-char blend ratio on coal combustion and pollution emission in a 0.35 MW pulverizedcoal-fired furnace

Yonghong YAN, Liutao SUN, Zhengkang PENG, Hongliang QI, Li LIU, Rui SUN

期刊论文

Experimental studies of ash film fractions based on measurement of cenospheres geometry in pulverizedcoal combustion

Siqi LIU, Yanqing NIU, Liping WEN, Yang LIANG, Bokang YAN, Denghui WANG, Shi’en HUI

期刊论文

NO control in large-scale power plant boilers through superfine pulverized coal technology

YIN Jie, WEI Dunsong, YIN Jie, REN Jianxing

期刊论文

Design and application of a novel coal-fired drum boiler using saline water in heavy oil recovery

Junping GU, Yuxin WU, Liping WU, Man ZHANG, Hairui YANG, Junfu LYU

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of combustion characteristics at different coal concentrations in bituminous coal

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Yiquan XIE, Lingyan ZENG

期刊论文

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

Y. HUANG, S. REZVANI, D. McILVEEN-WRIGHT, N. HEWITT, J. MONDOL, A. MINCHENER,

期刊论文

NOx and H2S formation in the reductive zone of air-staged combustion of pulverized

Jinzhi CAI, Dan LI, Denggao CHEN, Zhenshan LI

期刊论文

Influence of different oil feed rate on bituminous coal ignition in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner

Chunlong LIU, Qunyi ZHU, Zhengqi LI, Qiudong ZONG, Xiang ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of bituminous coal combustion in a full-scale tiny-oil ignition burner: influence

Zhengqi LI, Chunlong LIU, Xiang ZHANG, Lingyan ZENG, Zhichao CHEN

期刊论文

Industrial-scale investigations on effects of tertiary-air declination angle on combustion and steamtemperature characteristics in a 350-MW supercritical down-fired boiler

Xiaoguang LI, Lingyan ZENG, Hongye LIU, Yao LI, Yifu LI, Yunlong ZHAO, Bo JIAO, Minhang SONG, Shaofeng ZHANG, Zhichao CHEN, Zhengqi LI

期刊论文

Development and technical progress in large-scale circulating fluidized bed boiler in China

Zhong HUANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE

期刊论文